受到移動設備和汽車應用的驅動,2014-2020年CMOS圖像傳感器(CIS)產業將以10.6%的年復合成長率(CAGR)成長,預計2020年將達到162億美元的市場規模。
儘管智能手機應用仍然佔據大部分市場份額,但是許多不同應用也逐漸成為CIS增長的動力,例如汽車、醫療和監控也都浮現出巨大的市場機遇,相關廠商正在推動技術發展。我們2015年版CMOS圖像傳感器產業現狀報告涵蓋了所有這些CIS應用。
另一方面,一些CIS市場已經遭受急劇下降。功能手機和數碼相機中的攝像頭正在被智能手機攝像頭取代,這些傳統廠商正在處於痛苦的轉型期,並導致行業進行整合。我們可以看到2014年發生很多併購事件,預計2015年還將發生。
CIS產業中新興的市場趨勢是令人興奮的。在手機中,前置攝像頭是非常普遍的,因為所有高端手機和智能手機都有兩個攝像頭。事實上,中國製造商正推動更高分辨率的前置攝像頭的發展。這將顯著影響微型相機模塊的平均銷售價格(ASP),從而導致低端廠商放棄亞百萬像素(sub mega pixel)產品,開發500萬像素以上的CIS產品。當然,這對CIS手機廠商的資本支出和技術組合路線圖產生重大影響。這種趨勢對於後置攝像頭更加重要,其中緊湊性和性能都達到極致。手機已經成為CIS高性能/高出貨量領域,而索尼便是其中的“領頭羊”。
今年汽車市場表現不俗,特斯拉(Tesla)、日產(Nissan)與福特(Ford)等汽車製造商開始在汽車中部署更多攝影機功能,如倒車錄影等。大多數CIS廠商“享受”30%-50%市場增長。但是,這僅僅是個開始,大多數CIS廠商都在看這個市場,預計在2020年,全球車用CMOS圖像傳感器市場將達到8億美元。汽車市場將對CIS生態系統產生深遠的影響。由於CMOS圖像傳感器逐漸從人們用的顯示器中轉移到機器傳感應用,處理器和軟件供應商將在傳感器設計與營銷方面成為主要的合作夥伴。
2014年全球CMOS圖像傳感器市場
由於市場和技術驅動,CIS產業正迅速轉型
CIS市場中的巨大波動已經在很大程度上改變了競爭格局。索尼仍然是CMOS圖像傳感器的領導者,該公司在市場、生產與技術方面佔據主導地位。其次是三星(Samsung)和Omnivision兩家強勁的競爭對手,這一市場的新進廠商格科微(Galaxycore)、Pixelplus和Siliconfile也正崛起中。同時,對於佳能(Canon)和尼康(Nikon)來說,集成器件製造商(IDM)模式取得了巨大的進步,止住了他們數字攝像頭市場下滑的勢頭。至於松下,它和Tower Jazz成立了一家合資公司,目標是高端市場的產品量產。海力士(Hynix)通過收購Siliconfle的剩餘股份,成為一家IDM。這些產業波動表明,對於新進廠商仍然有一些機會。
有些廠商正在推動fablite / fabless模式。安森美半導體(On Semiconductor)收購了Aptina(Aptina將其工廠出售給了L-Foundry)。意法半導體(STMicroelectronics)將其CIS產品的生產外包給台聯電(UMC)。高端廠商,如Dalsa、e2v、Cmosis和Forza,正將生產轉包給Tower Jazz。對於高端生產商,這種情況是不利的,因為這很難實現創新和產品差異化。他們面臨著CIS業務的一個關鍵問題:One Pixel / One Process / One Market。
Fabless模式主導CIS行業的低端市場。Omnivision、格科微(Galaxycore)和Pixelplus是主要廠商,他們主要代工廠為台積電(TSMC)、中芯國際(SMIC)和Dongbu。該模式涉及的資本開支依賴於代工廠。隨著技術的迅速發展,我們很容易看到這些代工廠願意花費多少努力來進行圖像傳感器的技術研發。事實上,中芯國際正與Toppan合作改進工藝能力,而Dongbu正考慮出售。
2013~2014年全球CMOS圖像傳感器商業模式變化
本報告根據技術和市場驅動,提供深入的CIS產業結構調整分析。
技術:CMOS圖像傳感器產業的一項關鍵驅動因素
自2010年起,我們就發現背照式(BSI)CMOS圖像傳感器市場的崛起,現在它已成為主流技術(佔據CIS產量的50%以上)。BSI是實現1.4 µm - 1.1µm像素尺寸的必要技術,促使800萬像素以上CIS進入智能手機,2400萬像素以上CIS進入數碼單反相機。
手機中嚴格的尺寸限制推動3D堆疊BSI發展,目前約佔20%市場份額。這種方法非常有趣,因為當傳感器集成越來越多的功能時,例如自動對焦(AF)和光學圖像穩定(OIS),它能將數字部分與像素陣列部分分開。
我們的2015年報告包含BSI、3D堆疊BSI和3D混合技術。未來CIS技術的路線圖取決於三個條件/驅動:
(1)尺寸:相機模塊X、Y和Z尺寸
(2)圖像質量:清晰度、低光性能、對焦和防抖
(3)功能:慢動作視頻、圖像分析、運動控制
一個名叫“雙攝像頭”(兩個800萬攝像頭,像素尺寸1.6µm)技術正在改變遊戲規則,有可能在短時間內容搶占市場份額,推動CIS產業增長。如華為榮耀6 Plus和HTC M8均採用了“雙攝像頭”技術。
手機中的CMOS圖像傳感器路線圖
he CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) industry reaches US$10B for the first time. Indeed, driven by mobile and automotive applications, the CIS industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2014 – 2020.
Yole Développement (Yole) announces a US$16.2B market by 2020 (in value):
“Smartphone applications still take the lion’s share of the CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) market”, announces Yole, the “More Than Moore” market research, technology and strategy consulting company, in its new report Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry, 2015 Edition, released this week. “Many different applications are part of CIS’ growth story”, details Yole in its technology & market analysis. It includes automotive, medical, and surveillance are areas where great opportunities have surfaced and are driving the market and technology efforts of existing and new players.
Pierre Cambou, Activity Leader, Imaging & Sensors at Yole Développement andJean-Luc Jaffard, formerly at STMicroelectronics and part of Red Belt Conseil both pursue their investigation and highlight in this new study the CIS market issues.
Under the report Status of the CMOS Image Sensor Industry, Yole’s team provides key technical insight and analysis about future technology trends and challenges including manufacturing & devices technologies and a technology focus on game-changing areas such as BSI and 3D stacked BSI. This analysis also presents CIS revenue forecast, volume shipments and wafer production by application, market shares and application focus on key CIS growth areas: mobile, DSLR, automotive, medical, security, machine vision…
Exciting new emerging market trends are relevant to the CIS industry. In mobile, the addition of the secondary front-facing camera is already old news, as all high-end handsets and smartphones now have two cameras. In fact, Chinese manufacturers are actually pushing for higher resolution secondary cameras. ”This significantly impacts the average selling price (ASP) of micro camera modules, and is causing low-end players to abandon their focus on submega pixel production and move toward 5Mp+ territories”, explains Pierre Cambou. Naturally, this has had a major impact on the capital expenditures and technology portfolio roadmaps of these CIS mobile players. This trend is even more crucial for main rear cameras, where compactness and performance are pushed to the extreme. Mobile has become a high-performance/high-volume domain in which one player has excelled so far: Sony Corp (Latest announcement in Nov. 2014).
Automotive is the big story this year, as car manufacturers like Tesla, Nissan and Ford are showing off their first camera-enabled features. Market traction is particularly impressive, with most CIS players enjoying growth rates of 30% - 50%. But this is only the beginning, with most CIS players looking at this market, total revenue should reach US$800M in 2020 – for CIS sensors only. Automotive’s emerging importance promises profound implications for the CIS ecosystem. As CIS moves from a “for display” application towards a “for sensing” application, new players such as processor and software providers will become key partners for sensor design and marketing.
On the other hand, some CIS segments have suffered sharp decline. With feature phone cameras and digital still-cameras being replaced by more widely-used smartphone cameras, players in these applications are suffering, which is leading to industry consolidation. Yole’s analysts have seen a high level of M&A activity in 2014, which should continue in 2015.
More information about this report and other Imaging technology & market analysis from Yole, go to www.i-micronews.com, Imaging section.
Source: www.yole.fr
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